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| Similarity | Difference |
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| Similar morphological patterns of lesions appear in both species | The morphology of most mouse tumors does not resemble the common human breast cancers. |
Some of GEM models contained lesions that closely resembled human breast neoplasms. Although the similarities were impressive, it should be emphasized that they tended to be represented in restricted foci of tumors and not necessarily the entire tumor. As a result, an experienced surgical pathologist would confuse few mouse tumors with human lesions. The closest resemblance was found amongst the more poorly differentiated phenotypes (see Example 2). However, transgenes such as c-erbB2 produced a range of lesions that resembled solid or comedo forms of so-called DCIS of humans (see Example 1). SV-40 Tag also produced DCIS type lesions (see Example 2). Examples of notch4-induced lesions produced a unique ductal atypia that mimics DIN or atypical hyperplasia. Papillary carcinomas that could mimic human cancer were seen in many of the transgenic models such as MMTV/cyclin D1, met1 and BGL/IGF2. Lastly, tumors with regions densely sclerotic stroma can be found associated with the myc, PyV-mT, SV-40 Tag, WAP/int-3 and src transgenes.